Critiche alla vision radiofonica di Digital Britain

I giornali inglesi reagiscono allo scenario delineato per la radio in Gran Bretagna dal rapporto Digital Britain. E non sono reazioni tutte positive. Sul Times Libby Purves sostiene che il DAB è un fallimento e che spingere a favore di questa tecnologia (definita oltretutto anti-ecologica) significherà lasciare al buio migliaia di ascoltatori della radio analogica. Per la commentatrice, che ha lavorato a lungo per la radio, non c'è ancora stata la necessaria presa di coscienza sulle conseguenze di un progetto che prevede la migrazione graduale al digitale per le stazioni in onde medie e FM entro il 2015. Cento anni dopo Reith, il mitico fondatore della BBC, l'ascoltatore viene lasciato solo a se stesso.
Le prime proteste arrivano anche dal settore radiofonico. Kelvin MacKenzie, ex capo del network radiofonico TalkSport, ha minacciato di ricorrere ai tribunali davanti alla proposta di prolungare la licenza operativa alle stazioni che investiranno nel digitale. Le licenze per diverse reti nazionali avrebbero dovuto ritornare sul mercato nei prossimi anni, ma con Digital Britain Lord Carter ha chiesto di prorogarne la validità in cambio di una accelerazione sul percorso della migrazione verso il digitale.
La mia sensazione è che tutte queste critiche verranno declassate nella pratica categoria del luddismo: semplici pregiudizi nei confronti di nuove, mirabolanti tecnologie. Senza una vera e propria iniziativa popolare - e nel caso del mezzo radiofonico mi sembra improbabile che la gente si muova davvero - regolatore e governo riusciranno senz'altro a far passare il messaggio dell'ineluttabilità. La radio deve diventare digitale, punto e basta, il modello ha funzionato per tutto il resto e deve funzionare anche per la radio, pazienza se i vantaggi in termini economici saranno solo marginali. La transizione si lascerà dietro una scia di orfani, ma saranno orfani di un mezzo in lento declino, del tutto privo di peso politico.

Radio revolution will leave listeners in silence

Take-up of the costly and energy-guzzling DAB technology is so pathetic that we must fight for our beloved analog sets

Libby Purves
June 22, 2009

The word “digital” joins a long line of adjectives too exciting for their own good. Look back in the history of hype and you find its ancestors: “electropathic”, “atomic”, “computerised”, “turbo” or just “state-of-the art”. With Lord Carter of Barnes's report on Digital Britain, overstimulation peaked.
Starting from Gordon Brown's startling assertion that only this technology can “unlock our imagination”, it plunged with boyish glee into arias about “seamless connectivity”, converging platforms, twitter, wiki, blogs, telepresence and “e-healthcare”. Fine. We are used to phones that double as movie cameras, music libraries, tellies, games, calculators, diaries, maps and guidebooks. We are grateful for Lord Carter's confirmation that broadband is essential. However, in the general brouhaha about top-slicing the licence fee and taxing granny's landline, the most preposterous plan of all has not had the raspberry it richly deserves. If any other report proposed an arrogant, wasteful, environmentally damaging assault on daily life - a copper-bottomed vote-loser, a V-sign to the vulnerable - there would be an outcry. But veiled as it is in glittery stuff about computers, we almost didn't notice.
The assault is on radio. Baldly, the report proposes a surprise acceleration of the plan (still not widely grasped) to turn off FM and AM transmission of all national stations. They must “migrate” to DAB - which requires new digital sets. Your existing wirelesses - the bedside one from which Humphrys or Wogan talks you into sentient life, the old Roberts on the bathroom windowsill, the wind-up Freeplay in the garage, the jogging one with a clip, the flash stereo for listening to Radio 3's Haydn season, the pocket one that consoles you on the freezing railway platform, the one in your car...all could be useless after 2015. Which is an eye-blink away - less than half new Labour's tenure, or a secondary school career. That ramshackle collection of radios, perfectly functional despite the odd bent aerial or melted chocolate on the £5 tranny in the schoolbag, could in less than six years be deaf to Radio 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Classic or Absolute. Finis: a century after Reith, a massive disenfranchisement of the listener.
Of course, the networks would still be on your computer, TV and a few cellphones. Lord Carter loves this, cheerfully saying that the “diverse and flexible nature of the medium places it at the forefront of device and platform convergence”. But because radio is “intimate and ambient” he concedes it must also be delivered through portable devices. And with a startling leap of logic he says this cannot be done without a “dedicated digital medium - DAB”.
That radio has a perfectly adequate medium already, from transmitters that even the report concedes have many years life left, seems not to matter. Our version of DAB - rejected, remember, by everyone else in Europe except Denmark and Norway - is the only option. He recommends that when coverage reaches 90 per cent of the population (hard luck on remote communities) and when digital listening reaches a mere 50 per cent, it should trigger a two-year notice of full analog switch-off. He proudly says that “nine million DAB sets already exist in homes and cars”.
Yeah, right. And hundreds of millions of non-digital radios exist alongside them. DAB sales have been 50 per cent lower than forecast: check the industry websites for details, but the most optimistic prediction I can find is that by 2011, 12-15 per cent of radio devices might be DAB. There are reasons for this, even where transmission works. Music buffs complain about sound quality. The sets are expensive (Lord Carter reckons they will be brought under £20, but analog radios can be picked up for a fiver, and plenty of us have 1970s sets working perfectly). Moreover, the cost of replacing or converting car radios will be astronomical on a national scale and painful on a personal one.
And - here's the elephant in the room - we are all supposed to be thinking green, but digital radios use more than four times the energy (8.5 watts) of analog (average 2 watts). The industry is working on this, but the most optimistic forecast is 3.5 watts. More importantly, unless you switch them off at the wall, they are computers on permanent standby - like leaving a light on full-time. Portables gobble batteries six times faster. I suppose wind-up technology could help, but we will all develop massive biceps from flinging ourselves on them every four minutes to see if Jonathan Dimbleby has got to the end of his question yet. The conflict between green pieties and the rush to digital has never been addressed properly.
But then, it hasn't in the wider sphere either. I hear chattering-class podcasters dismissing the “steam valve mentality” with the blithe line that “distributing audio and video via the web is where we're heading”. What such people never admit is that video-streaming and iPlayering and online entertainment is massively heavy on power - not just domestically, but at vast data centres. Googling and downloading are becoming as carbon-guilty as flying and driving. A data centre uses 20 times the power of a normal office block. In the United States, local politicians are banning them from city centres because they drain more power than can be generated.
Two years ago worldwide carbon emissions from data centres topped 170 million tonnes; by 2020 the figure will have quadrupled, outstripping airlines. Work is being done on reducing it - Google plans to float offshore centres to provide cheap cooling - but the unwelcome fact remains that whenever you or I view or listen through a computer we use fuel far faster than on our old kit. Kit that will be poking its sad old aerials through heaps of landfill by 2016, unless we choose to listen to “ultra-local community stations”: a proposal by Lord Carter that is obviously not just a figleaf for the possibility of flogging the bandwidth to phone companies. Perish the thought.
Well, think about it. And if you are from a commercial outfit promoting analog switch-off because it will create a level playing field for non-BBC stations, don't sneer that I write this for fear of competition. Know, brothers, that everyone on dear old Radio 4 simply longs for it to be healthily challenged by speech competitors. We were furious when poncey Channel 4 bought and cruelly closed down the excellent Oneword. This is not about Luddism or competition: it is about saving the most portable, economical, mentally liberating and humbly useful of media from an ill-conceived ideological purge.

Libby Purves
Libby Purves worked for some years for BBC Radio 4, as a reporter and a presenter on the Today programme and, since 1983, has presented Midweek. She joined The Times as a columnist in 1990. She received an OBE in 1999 for her services to journalism and was Columnist of the Year in the same year. In her spare time she writes bestselling novels. Her opinion column appears in the The Times on Mondays

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Kelvin MacKenzie threatens legal action over Digital Britain move to upgrade radio stations

Kelvin MacKenzie, the former boss of radio station talkSport, is threatening legal action if the Digital Britain proposals to upgrade all FM and AM stations to digital broadcasting by 2015 and automatically roll over the three national radio stations go ahead.

By Emma Barnett, Technology and Digital Media Correspondent
Published: 17 Jun 2009

Mr MacKenzie was interested in bidding for talkSport's national AM licence, which was due to expire by December 2012. Classic FM's national licence was the first national licence to be up for renewal by September 2011 and Absolute's licence was due to be renewed by April 2012.
However, Lord Carter's report has proposed these stations avoid their licences going to auction in return for continued investment in new digital content, infrastructure and marketing.
Mr Mackenzie said: "The bottom line is there would be a queue a mile long to bid for these three national licences and interested parties would pay millions for them which would go straight to the Exchequer. The Government needs money and people like me are willing pay a lot for one of these national licences which are up for renewal very soon.
"If the Government presses ahead with this, I will take legal action and go to the High Court. There is nothing in the current broadcasting act which allows the automatic roll-over of these licences."
A spokesman from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, said: "Under the proposals in the Digital Britain report the national licences will not go to auction. However, we have been clear that if the digital radio upgrade timetable were to be delayed significantly we would revisit this decision and if appropriate licences would be re-advertised."
Others reportedly linked to the auction process include Sir Richard Branson, whose Virgin Radio International is understood to have expressed interest to Ofcom in the licences going out to tender.