Dal BBC Monitoring Service (via DXLD) e Le Monde, altri due articoli interessanti sullo sforzo da parte delle emittenti internazionali per offrire alla popolazione myanma un supporto a distanza attraverso le onde corte. Secondo la BBC, su 50 milioni di abitanti solo due sono equipaggiati con parabole satellitari. Tanto per ribadire il concetto:
Battery-run shortwave radio receivers, unlike internet and mobile phone services, cannot be turned off at a stroke by a central authority. Nor are they affected by the electricity blackouts that are frequent in Burma.
L'emittente non ufficiale con sede a Oslo, Democratic Voice of Burma ritrasmette attraverso Radio Nederland (relay di Madagascar), ma il sito non riporta le griglie dei programmi e non si hanno altri dettagli sul potenziamento dei suoi servizi.
Battery-run shortwave radio receivers, unlike internet and mobile phone services, cannot be turned off at a stroke by a central authority. Nor are they affected by the electricity blackouts that are frequent in Burma.
L'emittente non ufficiale con sede a Oslo, Democratic Voice of Burma ritrasmette attraverso Radio Nederland (relay di Madagascar), ma il sito non riporta le griglie dei programmi e non si hanno altri dettagli sul potenziamento dei suoi servizi.
INTERNATIONAL RADIOS STEP UP BROADCASTS
Report by Lewis Macleod of BBC Monitoring on 28 September
Key international broadcasters to Burma are stepping up transmissions in the light of the mass anti-government protests taking place there. The wide availability of low-cost receivers that can be run on batteries during Burma's frequent electricity blackouts makes radio popular and important. Some 38 per cent of Burmese listen to radio at least once a week, according to the BBC World Service Trust. Most Burmese listen to music and radio plays on the country's two domestic radio stations, while they get their news from foreign shortwave services such as the BBC World Service, Voice of America, Radio Free Asia and the Oslo-based Democratic Voice of Burma.
Despite being firmly of the "old media", these platforms have nevertheless been utilizing the full potential of internet blogs, mobile phone clips and eyewitness reports, delivering back to Burma the material that most of the population are unable to access themselves by the internet due to restrictions and low penetration.
BBC Burmese Service
In 2005, a BBC World Service Trust survey found that more than two thirds of radio listeners listen to the BBC World Service at least once a week, with 38 per cent listening to VOA.
The BBC Burmese Service, started in 1940, had been broadcasting one hour and fifteen minutes a day; half an hour at dawn and forty-five minutes in the evening. From 27 September, the morning programme has been extended by half an hour and the evening programme by 15 minutes. A first comprehensive independent media survey inside Burma in 2005 found that the BBC Burmese Service had a weekly audience of 23 per cent of all adults, averaging 7.1 million listeners every week; a larger audience than for any other international broadcasters to Burma.
US international radio
Voice of America and Radio Free Asia (RFA) operate under the oversight of the US Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). Voice of America announced on 27 September that it was doubling broadcasts in Burmese from Wednesday 26 September. Broadcasts can also be followed on its web page, http://www.VOANews.com/Burmese. The new schedule and (kHz) frequencies are: 1130-1230 utc 11965, 15540, 17775 1430-1500 utc 1575, 9325, 11910, 12120 1500-1530 utc 9325, 11910, 12120 1500-1530 utc (Sat, Sun only) 1575 2300-2400 utc 6185, 7430, 11980
In a report on VOA's website headlined "Burmese TV blames protests on Western broadcasters," the BBG chairman, James Glassman, said VOA and RFA airtime to Burma had increased because "the Burmese people are starving for accurate information, both about the world's reaction to their struggle for democracy, and also about what is happening in their own land."
VOA is now airing programmes in Burmese for three hours daily up from 90 minutes and RFA's Burmese-language broadcasts have been increased from two hours to four hours daily.
RFA is the US government-funded broadcaster in Asia. Founded in 1996, It broadcasts in nine languages to China, Tibet, Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and North Korea. RFA broadcasts about 200 hours per week, primarily on shortwave. It also audio streams broadcasts in all nine languages over the internet.
Burmese exile broadcaster increases transmission hours
The Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), an exile-operated shortwave station based in Norway, aims "to provide accurate and unbiased news," according to its website http://www.dvb.no/ This station provides reporting on the activities of opposition parties and exiled political and armed groups, human rights issues, the actions of pro-democracy activists, and other reports on political developments in Burma. The DVB has increased its hours of transmission to report on the continuing anti-government protests. Al-Jazeera English on 25 September broadcast a three-minute video report by Barnaby Phillips, filmed at the organization's studios in the Norwegian capital. Phillips said that radio transmissions had been increased from two to nine hours a day and that the broadcaster was "doing more television, using tapes smuggled out of the country".
Phillips also interviewed the station's chief editor, Aya Chen Naing, who talked of a network of "undercover reporters" who were filing reports by telephone and said that the station was also receiving many secretly filmed pictures of demonstrations, mostly received via the internet.
Shortwave
All four of these international stations broadcast on shortwave. Their broadcasts are also available on satellite or from the internet. But only about 2 million of the population of 50 million are estimated to have satellite dishes, while internet access is tightly controlled by the government, even in normal times.
Battery-run shortwave radio receivers, unlike internet and mobile phone services, cannot be turned off at a stroke by a central authority. Nor are they affected by the electricity blackouts that are frequent in Burma. Source: BBC Monitoring research 28 Sep 07
A Oslo, la radio dissidente DVB vit au rythme du drame birman
LE MONDE | 28.09.07 | 15h32 • Mis à jour le 28.09.07 | 15h32
OSLO ENVOYÉ SPÉCIAL
La rue est calme et cossue, très norvégienne. Au fond d'une cour, un monte-charge grimpe au troisième étage et donne directement sur une tout autre ambiance dans les locaux de DVB, Democratic Voice of Burma. Cette radio dissidente émet depuis quinze ans à partir de la capitale norvégienne en direction de la Birmanie. C'est à quelques centaines de mètres d'ici qu'un an avant sa création, en 1991, les jurés norvégiens avaient attribué le prix Nobel de la paix à Aung San Suu Kyi, principale figure de l'opposition, dont la photo orne toutes les salles de la radio.
Moe Aye, le rédacteur en chef, est assailli de coups de téléphone tandis que les équipes de télévision se succèdent. Sur les murs, des affichettes interpellent : "Ne rapportez jamais les rumeurs." Moe Aye présente ses excuses : aujourd'hui, il n'a pas le temps de tout vérifier dans l'instant, il s'avoue incapable de confirmer le nombre de morts, mais ses correspondants sur place en font état de plusieurs. On parle de quatre moines. Il fait défiler des photos à peine reçues sur son écran d'ordinateur, un moine le crâne ensanglanté, une vidéo où des civils encadrent un défilé de moines. Des images que l'on reverra un peu plus tard sur CNN, diffusée en continu sur une télévision murale.
Dans le studio voisin, Aye Aye Mon présente le journal. DVB diffuse de 9 h 30 à 16 h 30, heure d'Oslo, tous les jours. A l'étage du dessus, on produit une heure de télévision hebdomadaire. La présentatrice diffuse l'interview d'un moine anonyme qui appelle les Birmans à rejoindre le mouvement. "Nous n'abandonnerons jamais. Nous ne pardonnerons jamais le régime", dit-il.
La radio est en contact permanent avec une cinquantaine de reporters professionnels ou volontaires officiant secrètement dans le pays, parfois au sein de journaux officiels. Ils filment avec de petites caméras vidéo, avec leur téléphone mobile parfois, puis vont transférer et diffuser leur matériel depuis des cafés Internet de Rangoun. "L'armée ne peut pas tout contrôler, explique Moe Aye. Et puis la Birmanie est un pays très corrompu, heureusement pour nous." D'autres correspondants se trouvent dans les pays voisins, Thaïlande et Inde. L'équipe compte 150 personnes.
L'HEURE DES RAFLES
Le rédacteur en chef épluche ses messages, courriels, fenêtres de "chat". Il relance : "Du nouveau sur la pagode de Sule ?" Comme la plupart des autres employés de la radio, il a gagné ses galons de dissident lors des manifestations étudiantes de 1988, qui s'étaient soldées par 3 000 morts. Moe Aye a ensuite passé sept années en prison avant de rejoindre la Thaïlande puis la Norvège. Il lit, soulagé, un message d'un reporter : "Maintenant je suis en sécurité, appelle-moi sur ce numéro."
De l'autre côté de la salle, sous un grand poster d'Aung San Suu Kyi, Htet Aung Kyaw, un reporter, est pendu au téléphone. Lui aussi est un enfant des manifestations de 1988 exfiltré par la Thaïlande. Il sourit en montrant son rédacteur en chef : "Il était prisonnier politique. Moi, je me suis retrouvé à faire dix ans de guérilla dans la jungle. Et nous voilà tous les deux ici."
Les 1,4 million d'euros de budget qu'annonce le comptable, payés par la Suède, la Norvège, le Danemark, les Pays-Bas, les Etats-Unis et l'Irlande, paraissent bien maigres. Les salaires attendent parfois. Moe Aye sourit. Pas longtemps. Il aurait déjà dû, à cette heure, avoir reçu des images de l'un de ses reporters. "Son silence m'inquiète. Je vais attendre", soupire-t-il. Il se dit que, bientôt, il sera 1 heure du matin à Rangoun, et que les gens, là-bas, doivent aussi attendre dans l'angoisse : c'est l'heure à laquelle l'armée procède à ses rafles.
Olivier Truc
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