Il pirata e il Commodoro: opposizione offshore alle Fiji

Come le stazioni pirate del mare del Nord negli anni Sessanta, un vascello non autorizzato potrebbe mettersi a solcare le acque internazionali intorno alle isole Fiji. Questa volta però la missione sarebbe politica: diffondere le voci degli oppositori al regime militare che da quasi quattro anni sta calpestando i diritti di 800 mila abitanti. Funzionerà? Una nave pirata sembra la soluzione più indicata contro un Commodoro, Frank Bainimarama, quello che nel dicembre del 2006 ha inscenato un colpo di mano, il secondo dopo il 2000 (il che rappresenta il 50% dei quattro colpi di stato verificatisi in vent'anni). All'epoca Bainimarama organizzò un contro-putsch per restituire i poteri al presidente Ratu Josefa Iloilo. Dopo aver successivamente contribuito all'ascesa del primo ministro Laisenia Qarase, nel 2006 l'intraprendente capo della marina cambia radicalmente idea e prende il potere di nuovo, ma questa volta ci prende gusto. Da primo ministro a interim prima allontana e subito ripesca il presidente Iloilo (che nel 2009 abolirà la carta costituzionale) per farsi nominare primo ministro permanente nonché titolare di diversi dicasteri. Un signor ghe pensi mi agli antipodi, insomma. In questi tre anni e mezzo il Commodoro riesce a trasformare le Fiji in una… Repubblica di Bainimarama, come ironizzano gli oppositori.

Secondo il New Zealand Herald (il pezzo è apparso originariamente sull'Independent sul cui sito si possono leggere interessanti commenti di fijiani pro-commodoro), il controllo sui mezzi di comunicazione è serrato e persino lo storico quotidiano Fiji Times rischia la chiusura in base a una nuova legge che vieta ai capitali stranieri il controllo di testate giornalistiche. Indovinate di chi è questo giornale fondato 140 fa? Ci avete azzeccato, Rupert Murdoch, ancora una volta alle prese con un dittatorello cialtrone.

In queste condizioni, scrive l'Herald, lo scontento cresce, il braccio di ferro contro gli evangelici metodisti (fortemente critici del dittatore) ha portato all'arresto di molti capi della comunità religiosa e il turismo comincia a risentirne. E l'opposizione al regime di Bainimarama all'estero, il Fiji Democracy and Freedom Movement, sta studiando la sua contromossa piratesca. Oltre al giornale neozelandese, anche la radio australiana ABC ha intervistato il capo di questa opposizione, Usaia Waqatairewa.

Una stazione pirata offshore potrebbe essere fattibile e finanziabile, ma il Pacifico non è il mare del Nord. Soprattutto le Fiji si trovano a metà strada - almeno 500 miglia direi - tra Nuova Caledonia e Samoa: come si potranno assicurare in questo deserto d'acqua i necessari rifornimenti di carburante, materiali e staff? Forse Waqatairewa farebbe bene a rileggersi la storia delle stazioni pirata britanniche, che furono strangolate dalla guerra che le autorità dell'epoca mossero agli equipaggi delle motonavi di supporto. Certo che se un regime politico tanto stupido e odiosetto dovesse affondare per merito di una novella Caroline che batte la bandiera della democrazia…

Fiji democracy group planning pirate radio

By Roger Maynard

Aug 23, 2010

In a move inspired by pirate radio stations of the 1960s, political activists in the South Pacific are planning to position a Dutch-registered merchant vessel in international waters off the coast of Fiji to defy censors in the military dictatorship.

Opponents of the coup leader and self-appointed Prime Minister, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, hope to have the station broadcasting news and interviews by the end of next month to circumvent draconian media laws imposed on press, radio and television. Since taking power in a military coup in December 2006, Fiji's strongman has slowly eaten away at the country's democratic freedoms, installing newsroom censors and cracking down on foreign media ownership.

Newspapers and radio stations now have to be 90 per cent locally owned, a stipulation that will almost certainly see the closure of the 140-year-old Fiji Times. The popular title, which has been owned by News Ltd since 1987, has been emasculated since the censors moved in to demand the removal of any anti-government stories.

With most of the population too poor to access the internet or satellite television, most Fijians rely on the press and transistor radios for their news. That is why Usaia Waqatairewa of the Fiji Democracy Movement has opted for pirate broadcasting.

Now exiled in Australia, he plans to stream live programming to the ship from a Sydney newsroom and rebroadcast the material from a transmitter on the AM waveband. "The basic purpose is to inform the public of what's really happening in Fiji so they can make an informed decision about whether to support Bainimarama or not," he said.

Even the phones no longer guarantee confidentiality since the Government ordered mobile and landline users to register all their personal details. One local carrier, Vodafone, is also demanding that customers provide a left-hand thumb print and PIN, which the user would normally keep secret.

The head of the Justice Ministry, Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, claims the compulsory registration of all phones is the result of a spate of bomb threats and bogus calls. Critics suggest it is more to do with the interim Government wanting to create a database of callers whose views do not correspond with the regime's.

Telephone paranoia even extends to some tourists. A German businessman who used his satellite phone in a restaurant recently was reported to the police, who promptly raided his hotel room. He left the country in disgust shortly afterwards.

So far, such stories have not damaged tourism, which is one of the few Fijian industries still booming. A devalued currency and a strong Australian dollar have made Fiji a bargain destination for overseas holidaymakers.

But while the tourists are still heading to Fiji, businesses are pulling out. Australia's Commonwealth Bank has sold its Fijian arm, and Qantas is trying to sell its 46 per cent stake in Fiji's national airline, Air Pacific. Despite these economic warning signals, Commodore Bainimarama remains determined to do things his way. He has promised to go to the country in 2014 but as he has repeatedly postponed his general election plans, few believe he will keep his word.

And if an application for a loan of more than $700 million from the IMF fails, "the country's economic outlook will be shocking", says Anthony Bergin of the Australian Strategic Policy Unit.

CRACKDOWN LEADS TO POVERTY AND FEAR

Fiji has had four coups in the past two decades and is facing an economic crisis that threatens to bring more instability to the 800,000 people who inhabit this sprawling archipelago. And there are concerns about human rights as Commodore Frank Bainimarama cracks down on those who oppose his dictatorship.

In a rare interview aired by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation last month, the military leader said "we'll need to shut some people up" before the country can return to democracy. "I don't trust the people," declared the Prime Minister, adding that he was none too happy about politicians or the judiciary, either.

After silencing the powerful Methodist Church and the chiefs who are the traditional rulers of this fiercely patriotic nation, Commodore Bainimarama sacked many judges. Suspended from the Commonwealth, Fiji risks becoming a pariah in the region. The Prime Minister also recently expelled Australia's acting high commissioner to Fiji.

The reforms he talks about strike at the heart of Fiji's racially divided society. For many years, about half the population was of Indian origin, descendants of indentured labourers brought to Fiji in the 19th century to help in the sugar industry. Faced with eviction from their farms after their leases expired, thousands of Indians have sought refuge overseas while many of those unable to leave have ended up in squatter camps.

When Commodore Bainimarama seized power he promised a fairer society, with legislation designed to protect the interests of the Indian community. But unemployment, poverty and fear have created a society whose people are often too scared to talk.